Healthy Diet is always important for all people in any age and even more important for a couple trying to conceive. Most of the couple can be conceive naturally without changing their diet at all, but for some couples it may require some determination and affords, especially if you have try to conceive after a few months without success. Nutrients deficiency or intake of wrong kinds of nutrient may be the causes, because bearing a baby requires a lots of nutrients and co operation of the all the reproductive organs as well as your brain and glands.

 

I. Macro-nutrients

Marco Nutrients are certain chemical or chemical compounds provide calories or energy and needed for growth, metabolism, and for other body functions. There are three types of macro-nutrients: fats, carbohydrates and proteins.

 

 

 

A. Fat

The physical definition of fat is chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms, bonding together. The difference of good and bad fat is the length and the geometry of its carbon chains and numbers of hydrogen associated in it. Chemically, they are triesters of glycerol and fatty acids.

1. What is Mono-unsaturated Fat?
Mono-unsaturated have only one double bond between 2 carbon atoms in the chemical chain and the rest of the carbon atoms are single-bonded, therefore, mono-unsaturated fatty acids have a higher melting temperature than polyunsaturated fatty acids but lower than saturated fatty acids and it is liquid at room temperature. Since our body can not produce them, we have to take them regularly.

a) It helps to lower the levels of bah cholesterol (LDL) and increase the levels of good cholesterol (HDL)

b) Since it helps to increase the function of liver in fat metabolism, it reduces the risks of insulin resistance thus helping to reduce symptoms of male growth pattern for women with PCOs and balancing the production of estrogen and progesterone as well as maintaining the level of testosterone.

c) It also helps to reduce inflammation, by increasing the immune function awareness against the forming of free radicals and irregular cells growth, including endometriosis and fibroids.
Besides it helps to reduce the symptom of insulin resistance, it also increase the production of adiponectin hormone, leading to the burn of body fat, thus helping weight loss.

 

2. What is Poly-unsaturated fats?
Poly-unsaturated fats contains 2 or more double bonds in the chemical chain. Since it is one hydrogen atoms deficit on the molecule’s surface, leading to significant lowering melting temperature than other fats. It is also liquid in the room temperature. It contains most important essential fatty acids Omega 3 and 6. Since our body can not make them, we have to take them regularly.

 

a) Heart health
Poly-unsaturated fat helps to lower the levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) and increases the levels of good cholesterol, thereby reducing the risk of breaking off of the arteries and hypertension, the leading causes of heart diseases and stroke.

b) Cells membrane
It is also plays an important roles in boosting the interconnected cells in the body, leading to more balance and responsive function of the cells.

c) Blood thinner
It contains high levels of eicosopentaenoic acid, the raw materials which is needed to increase the function of prostaglandins hormone in reducing the sticky platelets.

d) Arterial wall movement
It helps to improve the contraction and relaxation of arterial wall, by lowering the levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) which may attach to the arterial wall and harden the wall of the arteries.

e) Inflammation
It also increases the immune function in regulating the cells oxidation as well as irregular cell growth, causing inflammation.

f) Prostaglandins hormones
The balance of Omega 3 and 6 fatty acids help to increase the liver function of fat metabolism, leading to decreasing the risk of over production of certain hormones in the prostaglandins hormones, thus helping to local response of other hormones. Deficiency of essential fatty acids increase the risks of heart diseases, asthma and premenstrual syndrome.

 

3. The Negative Effects Of Saturated Fat

Although saturated fats are important, over taking may cause the following consequences
a) Heart diseases and stroke
Since it increases the levels of bad cholesterol, over eating will cause cholesterol building up in the blood stream, blocking the blood circulation, leading to high blood pressure resulting in heart diseases and stroke. It is said that high levels of bad cholesterol can be caused by hereditary factors, high blood pressure, stress, smoking, obesity and dietary cholesterol, therefore reducing intake to moderated amount will help.

 

b) Cancer
The Ontario Cancer Institute in Canada reviewed by comparing women with the highest and lowest fat intake. Women who ate high amounts of saturated fat were on average around 20 per cent more likely to develop breast cancer than low consumers of fat. Eating large amounts of saturated fats increased risk by about 10 per cent.
A study also found that a noticeably elevated risk for carcinoid tumors in the small intestine in association with high amount of saturated fat intake.

c) Insulin sensitive
Some studies found that over intake of saturated fat might interfere with the pancreas’s function in secretion of insulin, as resulting of blood clotted in the insulin receptor sites, leading to over-production of insulin, causing polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), resulting in infertility problems, irregular menstrual cycles, male growth pattern, etc.

d) Weight gain
Intake of high amounts of saturated fat can cause extra energy reserves accumulated in the waist area and liver, leading weight gain and fat liver and liver diseases.

 

e) Etc.

 

4. The Positive Effects Of Saturated Fat
Saturated fat contains only saturated fatty acid radicals. Chemically, in saturated fats every member carbon atoms is surrounded by maximum number of hydrogen as a straight chain with all atoms packing together tightly.

 

Most people consider saturated fat as evil, but it is important for our body, including
a) Cell membrane
It is said that saturated fat helps to prevent cell membrane being damaged by free radical, thereby, boosting the interconnected cells in the body.

b) Digestive function
Since saturated fat is small than other fat, digestive enzymes do not need to break them down as they are transported directly to the liver for storing or burning as fuel much like carbohydrate. Saturated is rapidly absorbed, it besides can deliver quick nourishment without putting excessive strain on the digestive and enzyme systems, so it is good for people with digestive problem, it also is necessary for making bile acids for our body to digest fats and fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K and increases the absorption of calcium and magnesium and amino acids.

c) Nerve and brain tissue
Nerve and brain tissue is made up of 60% fat. One-third of these fats need to be polyunsaturated, derived directly from diet and other from cholesterol stored in our body. This will allow proper development and maintenance of nerve cell membranes as well as neurotransmitters in transformation between themselves and glands.

d) Hormone production
Cholesterol in fat also helps in production of female sex hormone, estradiol, and the male sex hormone, testosterone, and vitamin D, which is needed for utilizing calcium for a strong bone.

 

e) Etc.

 

5. What Is Trans Fat?
I try to find the good of trans fat, unfortunately there are none. By adding hydrogen to the vegetable oils and eliminating some double bond in their chemical structures, making the oils solid at room temperature. Trans fats raise bad cholesterol (LDL) and lower the good cholesterol (HDL) and it can be found everywhere, including margarines, fast foods, vegetable shortening, baked foods, packaged foods and frozen foods.

a) Heart diseases and stroke
Since it raises the bad cholesterol in the blood stream, it causes cholesterol building up in the blood and plaguing the arterial wall, leading to blocking the circulatory process in providing oxygen and nutrients and breaking off of the capillaries, causing high blood pressure and abnormal swelling. In some sever cases, it causes heart diseases and stroke.

b) Liver
Trans fat decreases the function of an important enzyme (delta 6 desaturase) in converting the essential fatty acid to arachidonic acid and prostaglandins, leading to abnormal function of liver in fat and protein metabolism, causing menstrual cramps and pains and interfering with the uterus in preparation of fertility.

c) Pancreas
Since it lowers the function of liver in blood transformation, thus decreasing the pancreas function in production of insulin and providing energy to our body, leading to the risk of blood sugar fluctuation and nervous tension, causing diabetes and increasing the risk of menstrual symptoms, such as fatigue, stress, loss of energy and tiredness.

 

d) Etc.

Ironically, for what ever reason, some countries such as Denmark can ban trans fat all together and others limited it to 0.2 per serving.

 

B. Carbohydrate
carbohydrate is also known as sugar, it provide us with the largest percentage of energy between 40 to 55% of total calories. It can be classified into 2 types

 

B.1. Simple sugar
1. Definition
It is made up with monosaccharides (single sugar) such as glucose, fructose and disaccharides (2 single sugars connected together) such as sucrcrose, lastose and maltose of which in foods do not offer any other nutritional benefit. Intake of high amount of simple can increase the rick of infertility.

2. The Effect of Simple sugar and infertility
a) Insulin
Simple sugar causes high blood-glucose as it release glucose quickly into blood stream of that stimulates the pancreas to secrete insulin to drop blood-sugar levels, causing fluctuations of blood-sugar levels, causing stress to the body.

b) Depression
As the levels of insulin increase, it inhibits the body in releasing growth hormone that decreases the immune system in protecting our body against forming of free article and foreign invasion.
c) Obesity
High levels of insulin secreted from the pancreas promotes weight gain as it increases the storage of fat, leading to cholesterol deposited into the vessels and hardening the wall of arteries.

d) Vitamin C
High amount of blood sugar releases quickly in blood stream can cause the reducing of amount of vitamin C that is necessary for white blood cell to protect our body against virus and bacteria, causing diseases.

e) Diabetes
Uncontrolled diabetes seems to damage the DNA in sperm cells, leading to sperm abnormality. it also impair glucose tolerance and insulin resistance of that reduce the chance of successful pregnancy.

f) Heart disease
Long term intake of high amount of simple sugar can cause rapid weight gain, leading to elevating of triglycerides levels resulting in increasing the risk of heart disease and the risk of infertility, blocking the blood flow to the reproductive organs.

g) Degenerative disease
Since simple sugar cause elevating of high level of blood sugar, it increases the risk of glycation to form advanced glycation end products, leading to early aging and increasing the risk of degenerative disease that causes progressively deterioration of function and/or structure of the affected tissues or organs over time.

h) Allergies
Since simple sugar inhibits the body in releasing growth hormone, it only weakens the immune system in fighting against foreign invasion, but increases the risk of allergic reaction as a result.

i) Pregnancy
Intake of high amount of simple sugar as a result high blood sugar may increase the risk of miscarriage, unborn baby developing complications and over weight birth.

j) Etc.

 

 

B.2. Complex sugar
1. Definition
It is made up with polysacchirades (many simple sugars connected together) such as starches and modified starches, and non starch polysaccharides (fiber).The difference between complex sugar and simple sugar is the long chain of sugar and how it effects the sugar levels in the bloodstream after intake. Remember, all of them provide us with energy through liver carbohydrate metabolism

 

2. The effect of complex sugar and fertility diets
Unlike simple sugar, complex sugar provide more health benefit, but it is also contributing to weight gain of which can affect fertility if over intake
2.1. Raise blood sugar levels more slowly
Since it release sugar in blood stream slowly, it does not cause the fluctuation of insulin, thus reducing the risk of pancreas being damaged, diabetics and over weight.

2.2. A variety of nutrition
a) Starch
Starch often contains in seed as the storage of plant energy. It is one type of digestible complex sugar that require the use of an enzyme to break down the bond for the glucose to be released slowly into blood stream, thus providing energy for body needs.
b) Glycogen
Sugar release into blood stream can also be stored as the form glycogen in the liver and muscles. When there is deficiency, glycogen can be broken down quickly using the same process just like starch.
c) High amount of dietary fiber
Complex sugar also contains materials that can not be digested or broken down by human enzyme, thus reducing the risk of releasing glucose quickly into blood stream, causing similar problems of simple sugar as well as weight gain, colon cancer, digestive problem, craving, etc.

C. Protein
C.1. Definition
Protein is also known as polypeptides, they are are organic compounds made of amino acids and can be found in meat, beans, milk, eggs or any source of food which provides our body the raw materials to build its own protein. Since our body can not store or make protein, we require to take them regularly. Researchers found that intake of plant base protein is more healthy than animal base protein, because it helps to prevent high blood pressure, reduce cholesterol, heart diseases and strokes, if taking together with complex carbohydrate.

 

C.2. Effects of protein
Protein from animal and plant contain complete or incomplete amino acids accordingly needed for our body to build new proteins. This kind is called complete protein. Since the plant base protein is incomplete, vegetarian must aware to mix some the incomplete amino acids to a complete one for our body to make protein.

1. In general, protein is important to every living thing, in human, it helps to improve the immune function by enhancing the its anti body agent in fighting against the forming of free radicals and foreign invasion such as bacteria and virus.

2. It also provides necessary energy if needs as one of the key nutrients for success in terms of sports.

3. Amino acids also aid the forming of hormones and enzymes that help to regulate our body metabolism.

4. It is essential growth of the body, nutrients in utilizing membranes and found in all major structure of all cells of the body, including muscle, organs, hair and skin as well as repairing body damaged tissues.

5. Proteins in certain food can cause allergies as it may trigger a response from the immune system.

6. Over intake of protein can cause an increase in urea excretion, leading to amino acid oxidation that may cause liver and kidney diseases.

7. Hemoglobin containing mostly protein in the blood cell helps to transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

8. Etc.

C.3. Effects

1. Plant protein
All plants have incomplete protein, there fore eating vary sources are essential for vegetarians.
a) Cholesterol
Consuming plant protein is said to helps to increase the levels of good cholesterol (HDL) and decrease the bad one due to high amount of unsaturated fat.

b) Heart disease and stroke
Most heart disease caused by high blood pressure due to hardening of the arterial wall and blockage of blood movement due to high amount cholesterol in the blood stream, while strokes are caused by broken off the small blood vessels in the brain, due to blood extruding caused by high blood pressure, eating plant base protein can reduce that due its good fats.

c) Enhance fertility and normal menstrual cycle
Plant contain high amount of phytoestrogen, a weak estrogen that can occupy the estrogen receptor before estrogen producing from the body, leading to normalizing the the effect of estrogen is the early part of menstrual cycle, thus reducing the risk of menstrual pain including premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea and increasing the chance to conceive.

d) Breast cancer
High levels of estrogen produced during early part of menstrual cycle for a prolonged period of time is considered as a favorite condition for the development of breast cancer due to estrogen stimulates the growth and multiplication of breast and breast cancer cells. Phytoestrogen from the plant inhibits them, this reduces the risk of breast.

e) Osteoporosis
Opposite to the animal protein, eating plant protein does not cause lower bone density even while consuming less calcium, because of less sulfur in plant proteins, a element that cause more calcium being pulled from the bones.

 

f) Weight loss

Plant protein helps curb your appetite, which may help you lose weight. It also does not cause weight lost due to dehydration because plants contain high amount of water.

g) Etc.

2. Animal protein (not include fish)
a) Weight loss and gain
Taking high amount of animal protein and low carbohydrate can make you loss weight quickly, but it tends to be in short term as a result of body fluid loss caused by lowing diet of carbohydrate. More weight will be gained back even faster if you for what ever reason abandon the diet.

b) Heart disease
Although there is no hard evident that high protein diet causes heart disease, but in fact, consuming animal protein can rate the levels of cholesterol, leading to blockage of blood flow and hardening the wall of arteries as a result of animal fat.

c) Essential nutrients deficiency
Long term intake of high levels of animal protein and low levels of carbohydrate will cause vitamin, minerals, and other important nutrients, leading to immune overreaction causing allergic effects.

d) Osteoporosis
In order to neutralize the acid during the process of protein by enzymes known as protease, using a high levels of calcium required. High protein diet can not provide enough calcium for this process, calcium must be withdrawn from the bone, leading to calcium lost in the long run, resulting of osteoporosis.

e) Etc.

3. Fish protein
Beside using as cosmetic product for anti aging, fish protein has the below benefit
1. Weight loss
Fish protein sources can help to lose weight and maintain weight loss because of highly active metabolism as it quickly lose excess stored fat.

2. In take of fish also contains the benefit as plant.
Please note: Certain types of fish have high levels of mercury that can harm your health.

 

D. Milk
D.1. Milk – the controversy
Milk is one many important diary products that is consume worldwide. It not only provide us with critical vitamin D but also other healthy sources of nutrient. Unfortunately, it is also controversy. The government guideline suggests average American should consume 3 serving a day of low fat milk, while the Nurse’s health study showed that consuming 2 servings of whole milk enhances fertility, while the skim milk and low fat milk produce the opposite result.

 

1. Hormone
a) Do you think that our cow is raised in environment of injecting or feeding with growth hormone, so they can produce more milk. can you believe that in 1900, an average cow produced only 3000 Lbs of milk a year and today 18200 Lbs of milk a year.
b) Selective bleeding for milk production only with the Genes of insulin-like grow t factor-1 and prolactin.
c) In the past cow is milked for five month, today we produce a monster can be milked more than 300 days a year. In fact our cows are pregnant all years long.
d) Etc.

2. Calcium
Milk is a good source of vitamins, especially calcium but long term studies show consistently that drinking 3 glass of milk can not protect against fractures and only drinking whole milk can increase the chance of fertility.

3. Lactose intolerance
Lactose intolerance is defined as condition of Lactose deficiency as a person are not able to digest the milk sugar (lactose) fully in dairy products. It’s usually not dangerous, but symptoms of lactose intolerance can be uncomfortable, leading to result of diarrhea, nausea, belly cramps and pain, boating, etc. as result of low levels of the enzyme lactose in the small intestine. Some people can reduce their signs and symptoms by eating fewer dairy products and finally can use to it.

4. Traditional Chinese medicine
Traditional Chinese medicine view cow milk is for cow club not suitable to human consumption as it violates to the nature intention as well as producing phlegm, being allergenic, being hard to digest, or that their nutrients are not absorbed due to pasteurization or other processing.

5. Lost of Vitamins
A study done in 1934, published in the Journal of Dairy Science, (back when they were first fighting to keep raw milk) showed a loss of 38% of the B complex vitamins. Another study done as a masters thesis at the University of Georgia in 1979 showed a 34.4%. (Source)

6. Etc

D.2. Whole milk. low fat and skim milk
1. Low fat and skim milk
Low fat milk is whole milk with some fat removed while skim milk has most or all of it’s fat removed.
a) Nutrients deficiency
b) Add on additive
c) etc.

2. Whole milk
Whole milk is the dairy milk which has undergone only basic processing, therefore it is more or less contains original form of saturated fat.

 

I. Micro Nutrients
Micro nutrients are defined as nutritional supplements of which human body and other living things can not produce but are required throughout their lives in small quantities to perform all kinds of physiological functions, including function of offspring production.

1. Folic acid
Folic acid as a member of vitamin B complex, is very important nutrient for enhancing fertility.
a) Red blood cell
Folic acid is vital for red blood cell production. Deficiency of folic acid decreases the function of blood in transporting nutrients and oxygen to the body cells, resulting in increasing the risk of abnormal brain cells in transmitting information between themselves and glands, leading to over and under production of certain hormone that interferes with normal menstrual cycle and fertility.
b) Norepinephrine
it plays a dual role as a hormone and a neurotransmitter, it affects the brain in response to actions and control. Deficiency of folic acid causes imbalance of levels of norepinephrine hormone, leading to interrupting the information transmitting resulting in depression and emotional and physical stress.
c) Serotonin
Serotonin is a hormone secreted when our body under stress. Folic acid deficiency causes over production of serotonin hormone, leading to imbalance of hormone progesterone that interferes with normal menstrual cycle and disrupts ovulation.
d) Nervous system
It is said that folic acid helps to synthesize genetic material in every cell of the body. Deficiency causes abnormal cell growth and DNA duplication abnormality that disrupts the sperm in egg fertilization and increases the chance of birth defects.
e) Neural tube defects
Researcher found that deficiency of folic acid before and during pregnancy causes neural tube defects as resulting of abnormal genetic synthesizing.

2. Zinc
Zinc is one of the important nutrient in terms of fertility for both men and women.
a) Nervous system
Zinc is vital for braincells in transmitting information between themselves and glands, thereby decreasing the risk of nervous tension and abnormal function glands in production of certain hormone. resulting in lessening nervous symptoms and increasing the chance to conceive.
b) Enlarged prostate
Zinc is proven to help in reducing the size of enlarged prostate in men, resulting in restoring the width of the urinary tract and maintaining proper fluid that help to improve the sperm ejaculation and prevent retrograde ejaculation as well as sperm count.
c) Cell growth
Zinc is vital for female fertility, besides promoting proper cell division, a process critical to the earliest stages of conception and fetal development, it also helps to regulate normal cell growth, resulting in lessening the risk of endometrial adhesion and implants, fibroids, cyst, etc. which may interfere with egg fertilization.
d) Circulatory system
Study show that zinc is vital trace mineral for a healthy heart, it not only helps to lower the levels of cholesterol, but also increase the blood absorption of oxygen, resulting in increasing blood flow to the entire body, including the reproductive organs, thereby enhancing fertility.
e) Immunity
Zinc also helps to increase immune system infighting against infection and inflammation caused by invasion of bacteria and virus, thereby decreasing the risk of reproductive infection and increasing the chance of fertility.

3. Selenium
Selenium is one of most important nutrient
a) Antioxidant
It is one of antioxidants that helps to strengthen the immune system, thus guarding our body against the bacteria and virus invasion and preventing the immune system abnormal function in recognizing sperm as foreigner and in producing antibody antigen to attack them.
b) Miscarriage and birth defects
Selenium is proven to prevent chromosome breakage that causes miscarriages.
c) Reproductive enhancer in men
Good levels of selenium are also essential to maximize sperm formation. A study conducted at the University of Padua in Italy shows that selenium helps to prevent oxidation of sperm cell , thus increasing the sperm quality and quantity.
d) working synergistic with vitamin E
Study shows that selenium works together with vitamins E not only can prevent the forming of free radicals but also increase it’ s effectiveness in preventing and inhibiting the development of breast cancer.
e) Hypothyroidism
Selenium is essential for maintaining the thyroid glands in secreting thyroid hormone. Deficiency of selenium causes hypothyroidism, leading to abnormal weight gain that increases the risk of insulin fluctuation, leading to poor egg and sperm quality.
f) Intra cranial pressure symptoms
Intra cranial pressure is the pressure in the cranium, selenium helps to maintain the right levels of pressure exerts on the brain’s intra cranial blood circulation vessels, thereby decreasing the intra-cranial pressure symptoms such as headaches, nausea, speech disorders, Jacksonian seizures, etc. thus reducing the risk of the nervous system causes of infertility.

4. Flaxseed oil
Flax also known Linum usitatissimum is a member of the genus Linum, belongs to the family Linaceae, it’s seed has been used in traditional medicine in treating heart diseases caused by high levels of cholesterol.
a) Essential fatty acid
Flaxseed oil contains high levels of essential fatty acid Omega 3 and 6, it not only help to eliminate the trans fat and saturate fat through liver waste elimination, but also helps to increasing blood flow to the reproductive organs resulting in increasing the production of sperm count and sperm quality.
b) Lignan
flaxseed contains high amount of ligan, it is proven in helping to strengthen not only the immune system in fighting against irregular cells growth, but also improve it’s function in protecting the body own tissues, including sperm.
c) Lecithin
Lecithin is a fat like substance (phospholipid) found in flaxseed not only helps to inhibit the levels of bad cholesterol, but also is a key building block of cell membranes resulting in protecting protects cells from oxidation in the surrounding the brain, thus lessening the risk of nervous tension, hormone imbalance and low libido.
d) Fiber
Flax seeds contain high amount of fiber which is vital in helping liver in regulating spleen in insulin production, resulting in decreasing the risk of blood stagnation and qi imbalance in spleen, leading to normalizing the production of testosterone and increasing the chance of good quality sperm production.
e) Alpha linolenic acid
It also contains high levels of alpha linolenic acid which is vital for a healthy prostate gland, resulting in increasing the kidney function in regulating sperm production as well as strong ejaculation.

5. Vitamin B12
a) Reproductive organ enhancer
Researchers found that vitamin B12 not only is vital for the development of healthy fetus and embryo but also improves the fertility rate. Deficiency of B12 may interfere with division of cells and cells growth, leading to miscarriage and making conception more difficult.
b) Blood flow
Vitamin B12 also helps to decrease the risk of heart disease and increases the blood flow to the body in transportation of oxygen to the body including the reproductive organ, thereby decreasing the risk of blood stagnation in the abdomen.
c) Nervous system
It is also important to boost the nervous in regulating the production of certain hormone in the body, resulting in lessening the risk of over production of certain hormone that normalizes the menstrual cycle for women.
d) Endometrium
It is said that vitamin B12 helps to boost the endometrium lining in egg fertilization, resulting in decreasing the risk of miscarriage and increasing the chance of egg implantation in artificial insemination.
e) Ovulation assisting
It is considered one of the vitamin necessary for normal ovulation. Study founds that deficiency of vitamin B12 may causes irregular ovulation or not ovulation at all, making conception difficulty for some women.

6. Vitamin C
a) Reproductive organs
Vitamin C helps to strengthen the capillaries, thereby decreasing the risk of internal blood leaking, leading to increasing blood flow to the reproductive organ including the penis and uterus, thereby, decreasing the chance of erectile dysfunction in men and decreasing the risk of egg fertilization failure.
b) Antioxidant
It is also one of the powerful antioxidant that helps the immune system in guarding our body against any invasion of bacteria and virus, thereby decreasing the risks of infection and inflammation to the reproductive organs.
c) Nutrients
By assisting the digestive system in absorbing vital vitamins and minerals, vitamin C helps to increase nutrients to our body cell, resulting in decreasing the risk of infertility caused by nutrients deficiency.
d) Testicle cancer
A new Danish study reported at Johns Hopkins InteliHealth on February 26, 1999 found that deficiency of vitamin C not only increases the risk of testicle cancer but also decreases the chance of fertility
e) Antibody antigen
Since vitamin C plays an important role in assisting immune system fighting against forming of free radicals, it also helps to reduce the risk of abnormal function of a certain class of protein of immune system which binds to the sperm and allows other immune cells to attack them.

7. Vitamin D
a) Calcium absorption
Vitamin D helps to improve the maximum absorption of calcium by our digestive system. Deficiency of Vitamin D normally also causes calcium deficiency, leading to nervous tension and decreasing the function of uterus in supporting the embryo to growth, resulting in miscarriage.
b) Irregular cell growth
Vitamin D plays an important role in strengthening the immune system in regulating cell growth. Deficiency of vitamin D causes increase risk of cancer.
c) Liver and spleen function
Liver requires vitamin D to stimulate and regulate the spleen function in production of insulin. Deficiency of vitamin D causes insulin fluctuation, leading to type II diabetes that not only affects the heart in pumping blood through out the body, but also decreases blood flow to the reproductive organs.
d) Nervous tension
It is also important for adrenal gland in regulating the production of tyrosine hydroxylase. Deficiency of vitamin D causes imbalance of hormones, leading to nervous tension such as stress, anxiety, fatigue, lack of energy, and depression.
e) Leptin secretion
Vitamin D also slow down the production of leptin from the fat cells, thereby, increasing the brain in controlling the weight gain or loss, resulting in increasing the chance of fertility.

f) Antibody antigen
It also helps to increase the immune function in fighting bacteria and virus invasion, thereby, decreasing the abnormal function in production of a certain class of protein which bind to sperm cells and allow other immune cell to attack them.

8. Vitamin E
a) Antioxidant
Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant, it helps to improve the immune system in regulating the cell duplication and minimize the risk of cell oxidation. Deficiency of vitamin E may increase the risk of irregular cell growth, leading to fibroids, endometrial adhesion and implants as well as tumor in the reproductive organ in women and increasing the risk of oxidative sperm in men.
b) Hormone production
It also plays an vital role in balancing the production of sex hormones by regulating the function of glands. Deficiency of vitamin E causes decreasing of testosterone, leading to lower sperm count that interferes with fertility.
c) Egg quality
Researcher found that deficiency of vitamin E causes poor egg quality, resulting in increasing the risk of birth defect and miscarriage.
d) Sexual lubrication
It is said that vitamin E helps to increase the production of lubrication in the vagina, thereby decreasing the pain caused by penis penetration during sexual intercourse, resulting in increasing the chance of fertility for some women.
e) Blood flow
It is said that vitamin E also helps to improve the heart function in providing nutrients and oxygen for our body cells and regulating the blood flow to the body, resulting in lessening the risk of blood stagnation in the abdomen, thus increasing the chance of fertility.

9. L-Arginine
L-arginine is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids and has been used as nutritionally essential for infants.
a) Nitric oxide and blood flow
By making nitric oxide, L-arginine helps blood vessel to relax, thereby increasing the blood flow to the  reproductive organs of which decreasing the risk of sexual dysfunction in men and enhancing the function of reproductive organs in women.
b) Insulin sensitivity
Insulin sensitive is defined as a condition that insulin becomes ineffective or less effective, resulting in insulin no longer helps cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood and store it as glycogen in the liver and muscle. L-aginine helps the body’s cells in improving the insulin sensitive, thereby reducing the risk of insulin resistance and increasing the chance of normal menstrual cycle for conception.
c) Growth hormone
It also helps in improving and regulating the production of growth hormone, resulting in decreasing the risk of hormone imbalance such as estrogen and testosterone, leading to increasing sexual desire and quality of sperm.
d) Reproductive enhancer
A study in Italy suggests that L-arginine helps to improve sperm production and sperm quality in subfertile male as resulting in increasing immune function, blood flow to the reproductive organs and stimulating testosterone hormone production.
f) Weight Loss
Since it helps to improve insulin sensitive, it may help reduce body fat and speed up weight loss.
g) Immune function
L-arginine besides helps to improve immune function in fighting against the infection and inflammation caused by foreign bacteria and virus, it also increases the output of T- cells from the thymus gland, thereby decreasing the risk of cell oxidation in the reproductive system, thus increasing the chance of fertility

10. Gamma-linolenic acid
Gamma-linolenic acid or GLA is also known as gamoleic acid, it is a fatty acid found in vegetable oils and has been used as supplement in treating inflammation and auto-immune diseases.
a) Autoimmunity
Beside helping to improve liver function in fat and protein metabolism, it also strengthens the immune system in preventing certain classes of protein binding to the sperm and allowing other immune cells to attack them in men. In women, it improves the production of friendly cervix mucus for sperm invasion.
b) Inflammation
GLA also decreases the risk of inflammation by converting rapidly dihomo GLA (DGLA) when it is released, by competing with arachidonic acid for the enzymes COX and LOX, resulting in lessening the risk of inflammation.
c) Uterine tonic
It is helps to balance the levels of prostaglandins hormones, resulting in decreasing the risk of over active uterine muscles that causes abnormal pain and cramps and distorts the normal process of menstrual cycle.
d) Nervous symptoms
Since it helps to increases the liver in fat and protein metabolism and blood flow to the nervous system, it improves the transmitting information functions between cells thereby, decreasing the risk of stress, headache and migraine, etc.
f) Cell growth
GLA is a nutrient used by the body to maintain healthy cells and vital body functions, thereby decreasing the risk of abnormal cell growth in the body, including the cells in the reproductive organ.

11. Copper
a) Immunity
Copper is vital in maintaining the production of antibodies and white blood cells as well as antioxidant enzymes, thereby increasing the immune system in fighting against infection and inflammation and preventing the immune abnormal function of antibody antigen production.
b) Enzyme production
Low levels of copper may alter enzyme systems in regulating the reproductive function in offspring production, leading to decreasing of the chance of fertility caused by sexual libido and low quality sperm production.
c) Nervous symptoms
Since our brain requires certain amount of copper in transmitting information. Deficiency of copper increases the risk of stress, resulting in over production of certain hormones ( adrenaline and serotonin), leading to nervous tension including emotional and physical stress.
d) Anaemia
Although zinc is important for the reproductive health, overdose of zinc may cause copper deficiency, leading to low red blood count and decreasing the blood function in oxygen absorption, thus increasing the risk of blood and nutrients deficiency, causing irregular ovulation in women and lower quality of sperm in men.

12. Iron
a) Increasing blood flow
Iron not only is necessary for the fetus to grow, it also plays a vital role for women who try to conceive because it helps to stimulate the production of red blood cells, thus increasing the oxygen absorption into the blood stream, resulting in lessening the risk of anemia.
b) Energy
It also helps to turn glucose into energy by stimulating the production of hemoglobin which is a essential element in red blood cells for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the cells in the body. In each cell, oxygen is used to release maximum energy from the food that you eat. Deficiency of iron causes low level of hemoglobin, leading fatigue, dizziness and nervous tension.
c) DNA synthesis
Iron is required by ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) and other enzymes involved in cell division. RNR plays a critical role in regulating the total rate of DNA synthesis so that DNA to cell mass is maintained at a constant ratio during cell division and DNA repair. Deficiency of iron distorts the ratio, leading to DNA being damaged, causing birth defects and miscarriage.
d) Menstruation
For women with heavy menstruation (blood loss more than certain amounts) may cause blood deficiency and iron loss. If the blood and iron loss can not be replaced, it may cause lower red blood cell resulting in anaemia that can disturb the function of reproductive function in fertilization.
e) Myelin
Myelin is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system. Since iron help in myelin formation and maintenance, deficiency of iron causes disrupting signals between the brain and other parts of the body, leading to double vision, memory loss, difficulty in controlling bowel movements or urination, fatigue, etc, thereby lessening the reproductive system to maintain it’s normal function, resulting in low quality sperm count and infertility.

13. Magnesium
a) Healthy heart
Magnesium is necessary for a healthy heart. Besides helping to regulate the heartbeat or heart rhythm symptoms including palpitations, it also prevents the formation of blood clots in the blood vessels of the heart and stabilizes the blood pressure level, leading to a health heart in regulating the blood flow to the body, including the reproductive organs.
b) Diabetes
Since magnesium plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism, it helps to regulate the production of insulin by pancreas, leading to normal levels of blood sugar in the bloodstream, resulting in decreasing the risk of infertility symptoms caused by fluctuation of blood glucose.
c) Working with calcium
While magnesium helps to relax muscle, calcium woks in the opposite direction by tightening them. Since they work together to control the movement of our body’s muscles, imbalance of magnesium and calcium causes muscle tension, leading to muscle spam, muscle fatigue and muscle soreness including the reproductive muscle, thereby decreasing the chance of fertility.
d) Hypertension
Magnesium not only helps to stimulate production of vasodilator prostacyclins and nitric oxide but also alters vascular responses to vasoactive agonists that helps to modulate vascular tone and reactivity. Deficiency of magnesium may cause irregular vascular function in controlling the heart muscle in relaxing and tightening, leading to hypertension.
e) Menstrual cycle
Magnesium is considered as main constituents of nerve fibres. Deficiency causes muscle spam in the abdominal region, leading to menstrual cramp and interferes with the proper function of the nervous system in receiving massage from other nervous cells, leading to nervous tension and over production of certain hormones, resulting in highly active, sleeplessness and fatigue and distorting the normal process of the reproductive organs in production of sperm and egg.
f) Potassium
As we mentioned in previous article, magnesium plays an important role in regulating the levels of of potassium which is vital for the lymphatic function in controlling the body fluid. Deficiency of magnesium causes abnormal levels of potassium, leading to water retention that increases the risk of PMS and reduces the chance of conception in women.

14. Calcium
a) Neutralizing stomach acid
Calcium is vital to helps the digestive system in maintaining the right levels of stomach acid, thereby reducing the risk of diarrhoea and increasing the system in absorbing vital vitamins and minerals, resulting in lessening the risk of infertility caused by nutrients deficiency.
b) Blood vessel expansion
It also helps to stimulate the blood muscle to expanse, thereby, decreasing the over working heart and lowering the high blood pressure and increasing the blood flow to the body, including the abdominal organs.
c) Insulin
Calcium also plays an important role in insulin secretion from pancreas, because this secretion cannot occur without the existence of calcium. If calcium in the exterior fluid surrounding insulin secretion cells namely, B (beta) cells in the islet of langerhans, is removed or the calcium channels are blocked, insulin secretion is also blocked as well, leading to insulin imbalance, causing irregular menstrual period in women and lower sperm quality in men.
d) Transmitting information between nervous cells
Calcium also is vital for improving the functions of brain cell in transmitting information between themselves and our body glands. Deficiency of calcium may distort these function, thus increasing the nervous tension and hormone imbalance, leading to over production of certain hormones that decrease the chance of fertility
e) Healthy bone and muscle
Since pregnancy require a lot of energy as welling as strong bone and muscle to carry the baby to full term, thereby, a woman with a healthy bone and muscle is necessary to trigger the brain function in thinking of the readiness of reproductive organs for fertilization.

15. Manganese
a) Energy
Manganese plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism, thereby increasing the transformation of glucose to energy for our body to use for daily activity. Deficiency causes nervous system including fatigue, tiredness and loss of concentration and dizziness.
b) Synthesis of fatty acids
It is also vital to helps our body in synthesis of essential fatty acids. Deficiency of manganese increases the risk of over production of certain hormone of the prostaglandins family, leading to over active uterus, thus decreasing the chance of fertility.
c) Superoxide dismutase
Acting as an antioxidant. it helps to improve the immune system in fighting against cell oxidation, thereby decreasing the risk of irregular cell growth in the reproductive organs that interfere with the natural process of fertilization.
d) Mineral amino acids chelate
Manganeses also have a function in maintaining the levels of minerals in the body, thereby decreasing the risk of mineral deficiency such as magnesium, iron and calcium, resulting in decreasing the risk of infertility caused by deficiency of iron or other trace metals.
f) Enhancing bio-assimilation
It helps to enhance the bio assimilation in absorbing vital minerals and vitamins or other chemicals from food within the gastrointestinal tract by breaking down chemicals and alternating the chemicals in the bloodstream by the liver or cellular secretions, thus increasing the nutrients to the body, thus enhancing fertility.

16. L-Carnitine
L-Carnitine is also known as vitamin BT, it is vital for our body in energy production and for fat metabolism. Since our body can only produce a small amount of L-carnitine, we may require to increase the levels of L-carnitine by taking some L-carnitine rick food to prevent any effects if deficiency is found.
a) Antioxidant
L-carnitine is an antioxidant, besides helping to improve immune function in guarding our body against any infection and inflammation, it also helps to decrease the cells oxidation, resulting in lessening the risk of irregular cell growth in the reproductive region that impairs fertility.
b) Sperm enhancer
It is said that L carnitine plays a vital role in sperm energy metabolism, because its conversion to acetyl-L-carnitine in the mature sperm helps the continuation of energy production within the sperm, thereby increasing the mature sperm quality and count.
c) Blood sugar
It also helps to increase the speed of glucose disposal, thereby decreasing the blood sugar building up in the blood stream, causing blood thickening and decreasing the blood flow to the reproductive organs that cause low sperm count effecting fertility.
d) Weight loss
Since it reduces the pancreas function in secreting insulin by increasing glucose disposal, it helps to reduce the fluctuation of levels of insulin in the blood stream, leading to reducing the risk of sugar craving, thus helping to lose weight.
e) Nervous system
It also plays an essential roles in preventing the brain cell being oxidated by stopping the ovidative scavengers to travel through the blood-brain barrier, where it helps form the brain chemical acetylcholine and keeps mitochondria to  perform its work efficiently by clearing them of toxic fatty-acid metabolites, thereby reducing the risk of oxidative cells in transmuting abnormal information between themselves and glands, leading to hormone imbalance that disrupts the normal process of fertility.

17. Etc

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